公司法案例：

1994年(nian)10月，某市汽(qi)車運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)與該市某飲料(liao)(liao)場經協商(shang)分(fen)歧，決議(yi)由(you)兩(liang)邊(bian)出(chu)資(zi)50萬元，配合(he)倡議(yi)設立某市君(jun)山礦泉水無限義務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(以(yi)(yi)(yi)下簡(jian)稱君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si))。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)與飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)作(zuo)為倡議(yi)人簽定(ding)了(le)一(yi)份(fen)倡議(yi)人和談，和談劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)：⑴飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)出(chu)資(zi)投入30萬元，運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)投入20萬元；⑵公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)設立股東會(hui)(hui)、董(dong)事會(hui)(hui)，董(dong)事會(hui)(hui)作(zuo)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)決議(yi)打(da)算(suan)和停(ting)業(ye)履行(xing)機構；⑶出(chu)資(zi)兩(liang)邊(bian)各按投資(zi)比例分(fen)享利潤、分(fen)管危險；⑷公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)準(zhun)備進程中的詳(xiang)細事件(jian)及(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的掛號(hao)(hao)(hao)注冊(ce)(ce)均由(you)飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)擔(dan)(dan)任。同年(nian)11月，運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)按和談劃(hua)(hua)定(ding)將20萬元投資(zi)款(kuan)(kuan)匯入飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)賬戶(hu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)后，運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)與飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)配合(he)擬定(ding)了(le)君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)章程，肯定(ding)了(le)董(dong)事會(hui)(hui)人選，并(bing)舉行(xing)了(le)兩(liang)次董(dong)事集會(hui)(hui)，擬定(ding)了(le)出(chu)產運(yun)(yun)營(ying)打(da)算(suan)。爾(er)后，君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)遲遲不(bu)(bu)展開停(ting)業(ye)勾當，運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)經盤問，才(cai)知(zhi)君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)還不(bu)(bu)操持公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)注冊(ce)(ce)掛號(hao)(hao)(hao)。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)向飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)催辦數次，一(yi)向不(bu)(bu)操持注冊(ce)(ce)掛號(hao)(hao)(hao)。1995年(nian)4月，運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)停(ting)止注冊(ce)(ce)并(bing)展開停(ting)業(ye)勾當為由(you)，請求飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)退(tui)還其全數投資(zi)款(kuan)(kuan)20萬元并(bing)補償喪失。飲料(liao)(liao)廠(chang)則(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為，兩(liang)邊(bian)已(yi)簽定(ding)和談，交納(na)出(chu)資(zi)，擬定(ding)章程，建(jian)立董(dong)事會(hui)(hui)，至今(jin)已(yi)逾半(ban)年(nian)，固(gu)然(ran)不(bu)(bu)操持注冊(ce)(ce)掛號(hao)(hao)(hao)手續(xu)，但現實上公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)已(yi)建(jian)立，故運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)能抽(chou)回出(chu)資(zi)。如運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)請求退(tui)還投資(zi)款(kuan)(kuan)，則(ze)屬于違約行(xing)動，答允擔(dan)(dan)違約義務。

闡發提醒：本(ben)案觸及的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)令(ling)題目是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)設立(li)(li)(li)進程中倡議(yi)人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)夠(gou)抽(chou)(chou)回(hui)出資(zi)，而這(zhe)一題目又與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)于無限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)相干。起首該當確(que)認君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)已建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)。對(dui)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)，列(lie)國法(fa)(fa)(fa)令(ling)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)中有自在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)主義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、特許建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)主義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、批(pi)準建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)主義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)掛號(hao)準繩主義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。普通而言，我國公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)股分(fen)無限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)和(he)(he)無限義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)務(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)別離(li)采用(yong)批(pi)準建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)主義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)掛號(hao)準繩主義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。故應以此準繩并(bing)根(gen)據(ju)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)相干劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)來確(que)認君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)。其次，若是(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)還(huan)不建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)，那末運(yun)輸公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)與飲料廠作(zuo)為倡議(yi)人(ren)(ren)仍處(chu)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)進程當中。根(gen)據(ju)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》的(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)后(hou)嚴禁倡議(yi)人(ren)(ren)抽(chou)(chou)回(hui)出資(zi)，而在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)還(huan)不建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)時(shi)，倡議(yi)人(ren)(ren)能(neng)否抽(chou)(chou)回(hui)出資(zi)呢(ni)？對(dui)此，《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》未作(zuo)制止性劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)，又按(an)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)實際，倡議(yi)人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)談是(shi)(shi)(shi)被視(shi)為合(he)股和(he)(he)談的(de)(de)(de)，而合(he)股人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)退伙是(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)令(ling)所許可的(de)(de)(de)，基于上(shang)述(shu)來由，該當以為運(yun)輸公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)君(jun)猴(hou)子(zi)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)前是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)夠(gou)抽(chou)(chou)回(hui)出資(zi)的(de)(de)(de)。本(ben)案可合(he)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)令(ling)劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)：《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第二十(shi)七(qi)條的(de)(de)(de)三(san)款(kuan)：”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)停業執照簽發日(ri)期，為無限義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)務(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)日(ri)期”。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第三(san)十(shi)四條：”股東在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)掛號(hao)后(hou)，不得抽(chou)(chou)回(hui)出資(zi)”。